Synthesis Matrix/Critical Appraisal 1

Author/Date	Aim of Study	Type of literature + type of method	Result /Conclusion	Strengths + limitations	Thematic codings	Setting/ Context
1 Clavarino, 2015	The associations between depression and obesity	Lit review	Depression Leading to Obesity: adolescents who were depressed at baseline were at 70% higher risk of obesity compared to those who did not experience depression. Obese adolescents had a 40% greater risk of being depressed. Shows a bidirectional association between both disorders.   Females tend to be more at risk for obesity and depression during these ages due to puberty.	The strengths of this article is that they have information on how depression and obesity are together. The limitations are that it is mostly on just females, it mainly focuses on the caucasian population and are all longitudinal studies. The longitudinal study is both a strength and limitation because it allows us to see which symptom leads to the other but they retest when they are young adult; which is not the age group i,m looking for.	Strong connection between obesity and depression, bidirectional	Computerized literature search
2 Bove, 2014	The associations between obesity and depression.	Case control	The two groups filled out the CDI which is used in italy to find depressive symptoms within the age of 8-17.  The higher the score the more depressive symptom the adolescence content. The scores showed that obese children had a significant difference compared to the control group (16.82+- 7.73 compared to 8.2+-2.9). Pervanidou Et al reported that the imbalance in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is involved in depression and obesity.	The strengths are that it gives more information on the genetic and psychological factors for the two disorders such as depression symptoms such as anhedonia causing kids not to be active leading to obesity. The weakness is that that it shows a small study group and the psychological factors have not been tested but just brought up.	Showed correlation of obesity and depression. Linear relationship with obesity and depression scores (more obese, more depressed)	148 obese subjects referred from clinical pediatricians and compared to 273 healthy children enrolled in school in italy.
3 Buchholz, 2010	Body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint, depression	Cohort	This article get kids in different age groups comparing levels of depression. It separates the kids into obese, overweight and normal body weights. The results showed that children who are obese will have more symptoms of depression compared to the other two groups. This shows that obesity can lead to depression.	The strengths of this article is that it helps with one of my topics, being which disorder comes first. The weakness of this article is it doesn't give clear data of how much of a difference there is between the groups.	Those who are obese are also known to have greater dissatisfaction with body. Obesity leads to depression.	Survey  was conducted on 1,490 youth attending grades 7-12.
4 Keck, 2004	The association between obesity and mental disorders.	Lit. Review	This article shows how multiple mental disorders are related with obesity. This is shows that obesity and depression are clearly related giving multiple studies on the correlation.	The strengths of this article are that they give multiple studies and results linking obesity and depression together. The weakness is that since this article is a lit. review it does not give detailed information on exactly how the info was found.	Obesity has high rates of mental disorders.	Document search online for keywords of obesity and mental disorders.
5 (Goodman, 2002)	This article first test kids to see if they have symptoms of depression and comes back after a certain period of time. When they come back they test to see if depression has progressed but also test BMI scores to see if they gain more weight.	Cohort Study	This article test to see if adolescents with depressive symptoms gain more weight compared to those who don't. The results showed that depression is known to lead to excess weight gain compared to those who don’t have depression.	The strengths is that it will help with my topic on which disease leads to which and how this is actually a bidirectional morbidity. The weakness is that it is a study only done on females.	Bidirectional obese children leads to obese adults	This is a cohort study of 9374 adolescents in grades 7-12 who completed in home surveys and were followed up 1 year after completion.